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3100 B.C.E.
First
Dynasty of united Upper and Lower Egypt is founded by Pharaoh Menes.
3000 B.C.E. Bricks are used by
Assyrians and Egyptians. Cities are founded in Egypt
and Sumer. The wheel is in use.
Slave labor is common for next 5,000 years. Nature-gods are worshiped.
2800 B.C.E. The Egyptian
"Old Kingdom" period begins.
2780 B.C.E. The first Egyptian
pyramid is built.
2750 B.C.E. Legendary Gilgamesh
rules Uruk, Sumeria.
2700 B.C.E. The Great pyramid of
Giza is built by Pharaoh Khufu.
2697 B.C.E. Yellow Emperor,
Huang-ti, rules China.
2500 B.C.E. Minoan culture
flourishes in Crete. Indus river valley civilization begins.
2350 B.C.E. Sumeria conquered by
Sargon the Great of Akkad. Yao dynasty in China.
2250 B.C.E. Yu-shun is emperor of
China.
2200 B.C.E. Hsia dynasty begins
in China.
2100 B.C.E. "Middle
Kingdom" period of Egypt.
Aryans invade the Indus valley.
2000 B.C.E. Northern European
bronze age begins.
1950 B.C.E. Pharaoh Sesostris I
invades Canaan.
1925 B.C.E. Hittites conquer
Babylon.
1880 B.C.E. Patriarch Abram
(later known as Abraham) and clan move from Mesopotamia to land of Canaan.
Abram worships only the Almighty God, not the many nature-gods of surrounding
cultures.
1869 B.C.E. Ishmael born to Abram
by Hagar.
1860 B.C.E. Stonehenge in Britain
is under construction.
1856 B.C.E. Destruction of Sodom
and Gomorrah.
1855
B.C.E. Isaac is born to
Abraham and Sarah.
1830 B.C.E. First Dynasty of
Babylonian kings.
1819 B.C.E. Binding and offering
of Isaac by Abraham on Mt. Moriah.
1818 B.C.E. Abraham's wife Sarah
dies.
1815 B.C.E. Isaac marries
Rebecca.
1800 B.C.E. Greek raiders in Greece.
1795 B.C.E. Rebecca gives birth
to Jacob and Esau.
1780 B.C.E. Death of Abraham.
1760 B.C.E. Shang dynasty rules China.
1755 B.C.E. Esau marries
Hittite-Canaanite wives.
1730 B.C.E. Semitic Hyksos invade
Egypt.
1728 B.C.E. Hammurabi, King of
Babylon, begins conquest of Mesopotamia, later authors Code of Laws.
1720 B.C.E. Isaac gives
patriarchal blessing to the disguised Jacob in place of Esau. Jacob flees
vengeful Esau to Paddan Aram to seek
a wife. Esau marries daughter of Ishmael.
1713 B.C.E. Jacob marries Leah.
1706 B.C.E. Jacob marries Rachel,
sons born to Jacob through wives and handmaids of wives.
1704 B.C.E. Joseph born by
Rachel.
1700 B.C.E. Jacob and clan leave
Paddan Aram and return to the
Promised Land.
1697 B.C.E. Rachel dies giving
birth to Benjamin.
1686 B.C.E. Joseph sold into
slavery by his brothers and is taken as a slave to Egypt.
1673 B.C.E. Joseph is vice-Pharaoh of Egypt
and marries an Egyptian, the daughter of the priest of On.
1668 B.C.E. Joseph is revealed to
his brothers in Egypt. His father
Jacob and brothers with their families move from Canaan to Egypt.
1648 B.C.E. Jacob dies in Egypt,
is embalmed and buried in the Promised Land.
1600 B.C.E. Mycenaean
civilization begins.
1594
B.C.E.
Joseph
dies in Egypt.
1570 B.C.E. Hyksos are expelled
from Egypt. The temple at Karnak is
begun.
1531 B.C.E. Babylon is sacked and
burned by the Hittite king Mursilis I.
1500
B.C.E. Mohenjo-Daro in the
Indus river valley is destroyed.
1447 B.C.E. Exodus of the nation Israel
from Egypt under leadership of
Moses, with Aaron and Miriam. Revelation to Israel
at Mount Sinai in the wilderness of the covenant relationship between the
nation and God. The Ten Commandments and other national laws revealed. Beginning
of forty year wandering of Israel in
wilderness for the refusal to enter the Promised Land.
1425 B.C.E. Alphabetic writing
based on simplified Egyptian hieroglyphs developed for the Semitic language
in area between Sinai and Syria and
is spread by Phoenicians. Cataclysmic eruption of Santorin volcano north of
Crete releases power equal to about five million Hiroshima A-bombs and is
four times more powerful than the Krakatau eruption (see 1883 C.E.). Estimated to have
generated waves in the Mediterranean Sea from 300 to 800 feet high. Some
scholars date this eruption to coincide with the "Ten Plagues" of Egypt,
in particular the "darkness that could be felt," and the parting of
the Red Sea. Destruction by fire of Knossos, capital of Minoan culture of
Crete. "Iron Age" in India
and western Asia.
1420 B.C.E. The golden Age of Egypt
begins under Amenhotep III
1407 B.C.E. Israel
begins the conquest of Canaan under Joshua. Age of Israelite Judges begins.
1379 B.C.E. Pharaoh Amenhotep IV
abolishes all previous gods except the sun god; period of poor government.
1375 B.C.E. Suppiluliumas is king
of the Hittites and with him a resurgence of power.
1366 B.C.E. Assuruballit I is
king of Assyria.
1361 B.C.E. Pharaoh Tutankhamun
restores traditional Egyptian gods.
1319 B.C.E. Rameses I founds the
XIXth dynasty in Egypt.
1313 B.C.E. Pharaoh Seti I
reconquers Canaan and Syria for Egypt.
1304 B.C.E. Rameses II, the
Great, rules Egypt.
1300 B.C.E. Sidon becomes a
prosperous Phoenician port. Abu Simbel temple is under construction in Egypt.
1298 B.C.E. Battle of Qadesh;
both Pharaoh Rameses II and Hittite king Muwataliash claim victory.
1283 B.C.E. Rameses II makes
peace with Hittites.
1275 B.C.E. Shalmaneser I, king
of Assyria, begins territorial expansion.
1220
B.C.E. Pharaoh Merneptan has
stone monument carved that mentions Egypt's
victory over Israel in the land of
Canaan.
1184 B.C.E. Traditional date of
siege of Troy.
1175 B.C.E. Egypt
invaded by coalition of "Sea Peoples," defeated by Rameses III.
1160 B.C.E. Elamites sack Babylon
and destroy Kassite power.
1140 B.C.E. Phoenicians found the
city of Utica in North Africa.
1125 B.C.E. Nebuchadrezzar I,
king of Babylon, repels Assyrian incursions.
1122 B.C.E. Wu-wang founds Chou
dynasty in China.
1116 B.C.E. Tiglath-Pilser I king
of Assyria, restores Assyrian power.
1100 B.C.E. The Greek "Dark
Age" begins.
1070 B.C.E. The Ark of God's
covenant with Israel is captured
during a battle with the Philistines. Israel's
judge, Eli, dies. Samuel becomes Israel's
last judge.
1065 B.C.E. Pharaoh Rameses XI
dies and the New Kingdom of Egypt ends. Smendes founds XXIst Dynasty.
1051 B.C.E. Samuel anoints Saul
of the tribe of Benjamin as king of Israel.
Joint rule by Samuel and Saul over Israel.
Saul later consolidates Israel and
wins victories over surrounding enemies. Saul begins to disobey instructions
given in the name of God by Samuel.
1045 B.C.E. Codron, last king of
Athens, is killed.
1028 B.C.E. Samuel anoints David
in Bethlehem as Israel's king in
place of Saul. David becomes an exceptional Hebrew poet (Psalms), and warrior
and leader in Israel's army. Defeats
Goliath of the Philistines. David becomes part of Saul's ruling court.
Jealousy and fear of rebellion drives Saul to seek David's death. David
begins life as a fugitive.
1026 B.C.E. Death of Samuel.
1011 B.C.E. Saul and sons are
killed in battle against the Philistines. Israel’s army
commander, Abner, makes Saul's son Ishboshet king of Israel. David anointed
king of the southern tribe Judah and reigns in Hebron.
1004 B.C.E. After the deaths of
Abner and Ishboshet, David is chosen as king of all Israel. David captures
Jerusalem, renamed the City of David. Jerusalem made capital of Israel. David
deeply desires to build a Temple to God; told by a prophet that his son will
build it.
1002 B.C.E. David sins against
the Law of the God of Israel by committing adultery and ordering death of the
soldier-husband; instability in David's ruling house and in Israel.
1001 B.C.E. Solomon is born to
David and Bathsheba.
1000 B.C.E. Indian religious
writing, Rig Veda, is completed.
990 B.C.E. David's firstborn
son, Amnon, rapes step-sister Tamar.
988 B.C.E. Absalom, Tamar's
brother, kills Amnon in revenge. Absalom flees David's kingdom.
985 B.C.E. Absalom returns to
David's kingdom.
980 B.C.E. Absalom leads a coup
against his father David. David flees Jerusalem to the wilderness. Absalom is
killed in battle. David crushes a subsequent civil war led by the tribe of
Benjamin.
971 B.C.E. Death of David;
Solomon, son of David, rules Israel and marries Pharaoh's daughter in a
political alliance.
967 B.C.E. Solomon begins to
build Israel's Temple to God.
960 B.C.E. Israel's Temple
completed; the Ark of God's covenant is installed in the Holy Place.
947 B.C.E. Solomon completes the
royal palace in Jerusalem. Israel is at the height of political and economic
power.
940 B.C.E. Solomon is enticed by
his many wives to worship gods other than the God of Israel.
935 B.C.E. Assurdan II, king of
Assyria, leads national revival.
931 B.C.E. King Solomon dies.
King Jeroboam and ten northern tribes of Israel secede from Solomon's son
Rehoboam who rules Judah and Benjamin.
925 B.C.E. Jeroboam, king of
northern Israel, dedicates golden calves in worship of God to permanently
separate the ten northern tribes from Judah and Jerusalem.
924 B.C.E. Pharaoh Shishak
plunders Jerusalem. Shishak has a stone monument erected in Megiddo and
carves a list of Israelite towns in his record of conquests in Karnak, Egypt.
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